Israeli Road Trip, Part I: The funny bits

I wrapped up my time in Israel with a quite lengthy road trip with my friend Sam. I thought I’d start a sequence of a few posts about what we saw and did with a few vignettes about the strangest moments on the trip.

“Snow”

A big storm blew in while we were driving. Sam and I drove up into the mountains to see if we could spot some snow. It turned out that it was coming down quite hard at the top! We parked our car along with a ton of excited Israelis who were seeing snow for the first time. Sam pointed out that many of them just kept shouting out “Snooooow!” in Hebrew.
We climbed up even higher, realizing that we were actually inside the snow cloud, and were having a grand old time — until a huge bolt of lighning struck the mountain top. Sam and I both froze, looked at each other for a beat, then took off in a dead run for the car. I have no idea how we made it back down the rocky, snowy trail to our rental car without falling and cracking our skulls open.

“AH LOVE YOU BABY!”

Later that night, we stayed at a decent little hostel. It was sabbath in a pretty religious town — even the owner himself had gone to Tiberius to spend the day with his family. At first, we thought we were alone at the hostel, until about 8 or 9 o’clock at night when we heard some folks chatting in German outside our door.
We were about to go out and introduce ourselves when we heard the bathroom door about 15 feet away from our bedroom close, quickly followed by the shower turning on. Suddenly, a crazed, raspy voice shouted out, “HELLO BABY! I LOVE YOU BABY!” We both jumped and looked at each other. Then the voice shouted again, “I LOVE YOU BABY!”
This went on for about 45 minutes. Needless to say, Sam and I bolted the door and chose to spend a quiet evening inside rather than meet our hostel mates. I also was too afraid to go throw out our trash, so after dinner I whipped an empty can of tuna out the window rather than unbolt the door.

“Lunch at the Yeshiva”

The next day, Sam saw the sign for a strange tourist attraction he’d read about online — the cave and tomb of “Honi the Circle,” a mystic who claimed powers over the weather. We followed the sign to a parking lot and got out of the car, whereupon a very large and very drunk man greeted us and insisted that we follow him. (This was at about 12:30 in the afternoon.)
We found that the residents of a yeshiva, or institute for religious studies in judaism, were having a Sabbath meal, and were in various stages of inebriation. We were given big scoops of tasteless mush and a large glass of wine and shown to some seats at the periphery. We poked at our mush to be polite, while Sam fielded all of the conversation, which was in Hebrew.
Finally, one of the yeshiva students must have realized I wasn’t a Hebrew speaker. He asked me in English. “Are you American? Where are you from?”
I told him, “Buffalo, New York.”
“New York…” he answered, then was quiet for a bit.
“Do you like the Nets, or the Knicks?”
After a while, we managed to extricate ourselves from our hosts, one of whom almost poured a glass of wine on Sam and I. We didn’t get to see the tomb of the mystic.

My insane trip to Agra, or, perseverance in the face of all logic

One of the most expensive and frustrating day trips I took on this whole global adventure involved making a 24 hour whirlwind tour of Agra, the historical city about 6 hours from Delhi that includes such popular tourist sites as the Taj Mahal.


Taj Mahal at Sunrise

The Taj Mahal at sunrise. The beautiful payoff to an absurd and frustrating travel experience.


Running out of time in Delhi, I decided at the last minute that I would spend my last full day taking a bus out to Agra, spend the evening seeing as much as I could, and then taking an overnight bus back to Delhi, sleeping through the drive.

Unfortunately, I really struggled to find an A/C tourist’s bus that was leaving at an appropriate time.  I overslept a bit in the morning, and by 10AM most of the popular busses were already gone.  Around noon, I really started to worry that I was going to miss Agra entirely, so I decided to simply head for Delhi’s major bus terminal and hope that I could find something — anything! — headed there.

Getting to the terminal was easy via the Delhi Metro, a very modern and simple to understand subway system.  Reaching there, however, I was overwhelmed by the station’s immensity and lack of signage.  Luckily, I found an information kiosk, and the woman there gave me detailed instructions once I told her I was trying to catch a bus to Agra.

I ended up taking a Delhi local city bus to another station — actually, one of the city’s major railway stations, where many different private bus companies jockey for clients outside.  I found a bus going to Agra for a mere 120 rupees, a couple of dollars.

Unfortunately, this bus did not take the most direct route to Agra.  It made several stopovers in small towns and villages along the way.  Although these were done very quickly, the sheer number of them made the trip stretch out and out and out!  I didn’t actually reach Agra until well after 9 o’clock, well after all of the tourist sites were closed.

A combined curse and blessing of Agra is that auto-rickshaw drivers get a bit of a “finder’s fee” for any paying guests they bring to a hotel.  It’s a blessing because, for a very small fee, an auto driver will be very happy to take you to as many hotels as necessary until you find an open room, knowing that he will receive a significant bonus in the end from the hotel owner.  It’s a curse because the drivers tend to steer you towards overpriced dumps.

Unfortunately, it turned out that there was a local trade union having its annual convention in town the very week I chose to go to Agra, so I was stuck with an overpriced dump anyway.  I ended up paying about US $30 for a night in a pretty dumpy place, which is astronomical by Indian standards.  The one thing I insist on, no matter where I travel in the world, is cleanliness.  It is very easy and cheap to wash the sheets and sweep the floor, and at the price I was paying the state of the room was really unacceptable.  But at almost midnight in a strange city, I really didn’t have much of a choice.  I also had neglected to bring a photocopy of my Indian visa.  Luckily, it was still the middle of the workday in the US, and I was able to get my amazing and lifesaving Mom to email me a scan of it that I was able to print out at a print/scan/fax shop in the city center.

I was worried a bit when a group of three or four police cars with their lights on, but their sirens off silently converged on the hotel as I was about to go to sleep, but I just jammed the end table of the room into the corner blocking the door from opening and went to bed.

I got up at 5:30AM and had an absolute whirlwind tour of the city.  I managed to cram in several beautiful historical sites, including the Taj Mahal, the Moon Gardens across the river from it, and Itmad ud Daula’s Tomb, sometimes called the “Baby Taj.”

Unfortunately, it was then that I found out that there are simply no buses running the Agra to Delhi route that early.  I was completely out of sync with a normal tourist’s Agra itinerary, and for a second it looked like I might miss my 2 p.m. Delhi to Mumbai flight, and therefore also my Mumbai to Tel Aviv flight!  After about an hour of unsuccessful searching for a better alternative, I broke down and booked myself a private car for the six hour drive back to Delhi.  This was astronomically expensive by Indian standards, around $50, but it included a driver and I would get dropped right at the Nehru University hostel where a friend of a friend was storing my suitcases for me.  I bit the bullet and drove back to Delhi in absurd luxury.

I managed to squeeze in a trip to Agra, but at a huge hit to my budget and sanity.  I would advise future travelers to India to invest much more advance planning into a trip to Agra, and also warn them that outside of its epic historical sites, there is little to see, do, or appreciate in Agra.  Every other Indian city I visited, including ones that were much smaller, was more friendly, easier to navigate, and much less aggressively “touristy.”  I never felt like I someone was trying to scam or con me in an entire month in India, except for the 24 hours in Agra, where the attempts to fleece me were pretty much nonstop.

Continuing Adventures Around Kolhapur

There is no better way to enjoy a new city than riding around on the back of a moped with a very good local friend to guide you.

View of Kolhapur from one of its highest points

A view of Kolhapur from one of its highest points.

Saket has shown me many interesting sights around his hometown, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, the past few days. This evening, he took he into the oldest part of the city around its most famous temple, which is a pilgrimage site for people from all over the state.

Around the temple is a sprawling commercial district. The shops sell everything from garlands and flowers for pilgrims to use as offerings in the temple, to the famous Kolhapuri chappal, a handcrafted leather sandal, to prosaic everyday items like tea and cigarettes.

Saket and I had to take a brief detour when, upon returning from walking around to where we’d parked his moped, we found that the back tire’s valve had failed and it was completely flat. Fortunately, after asking around we were able to locate a nearby tire shop and get it repaired.

While waiting for the man to get to our tire, Saket pointed out a group of foreign tourists standing not far away. We went over to say hello and it turned out that they were an Italian family on holiday! I was finally able to flex my Italian mental muscles after a long time. They were a family from Florence on tour in India. We didn’t talk for long, but it was fun to exchange pleasantries and wish them “Buon viaggio a India!” (“Have a good trip in India!”)

Saket also pointed out a few other famous local sites. One was a corner where people stop to have glasses of fresh buffalo milk straight from the cow. Another was a huge vegetable market — with one of the biggest bulls I’ve seen yet in India feasting from a pile of discarded greens right in the middle!

An exciting part of traveling through India is seeing the incredible diversity here and the different aspects of culture both ancient and very modern crammed right up against each other. For example, right across from the place where one can have a glass of fresh buffalo milk is a huge Domino’s pizzeria.

From “Pakistan Zindabad!” to “Jai Hind!”

I apologize for the delay in my first blog post from India. After a grueling few days spent trapped in planes and airports throughout the region as I moved from Pakistan to India via Saudi Arabia, I lacked the discipline to sit down and write about my experiences until now.

My time in India so far has been spent with my friend from grad school, Saket Parekar, and his family in Kolhapur and childhood friends in Sangli, neighboring cities in Maharashtra. I landed in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) airport on a Thursday night. Saket had arranged for a shared cab to take me from Mumbai to the city of Pune, where another mutual friend would host me for the night, as Kolhapur was too far of a journey to make as late as I would be landing.

The shared cab system is excellent. It leaves from a common departure point, like an airport, but then drops its passengers off directly at the doorstep of their destinations. I had some excellent conversations with the other passengers in the shared cab — one man was a veteran of the 1971 Indo-Pak war, while I listened in with barely-concealed enjoyment as an auntie in the cab got into a most dramatic fight with the driver after being told her destination was outside of the cab company’s coverage area.

The woman was quite annoyed at not having been told this when she was reserving her ticket nor when she arrived at the waiting area, but only once we were en route to our destination city! Eventually, everything worked out, although the driver insisted, rather unfairly, that she pay an extra 10 rupees, a trivial sum.

I arrived at the home in Pune of a mutual friend of mine and Saket’s, Ravi Kale, an Ohio undergraduate. I was pretty exhausted after having been stuck in planes and airport terminals for the previous two days, neither of which I’ve ever managed to properly sleep in, so after a bit of small talk I went right to sleep.

The next day, Ravi brought me to the bus station to book passage from Pune down to Kolhapur to meet Saket. This bus trip was much more enjoyable than the flights of the previous few days. The bus was air conditioned, drove along some very scenic and interesting Indian roads, and had a flatscreen TV showing a recent Bollywood hit, Meira Brother Ki Dulhan (My Brother’s Bride), a fairly typical romantic comedy.

Arriving in Kolhapur Friday evening, I had an excellent meal and got to know Saket’s parents. Saket’s father Dashrath is a veteran journalist who recently came out of retirement to become editor at a Marathi language daily newspaper.

Marathi is the local language of India’s Maharashtra state. It is written in the same Devanagari script, and shares some vocabulary and grammar, but to even an inexperienced ear like mine it is very easy to tell the two apart — I catch bits and pieces of conversations in Hindi based on my experience with Urdu, whereas I am completely lost with Marathi!

Saket’s Mom, Dr. Nanda Parekar, is a lecturer in history at a local university. Between the two of them, they’ve amassed quite an impressive library on subjects very dear to my heart – unfortunately for me, mostly in Marathi.

My first evening in Kolhapur, I also got to try a quintessential India treat, paan. Paan is a sort of chewing tobacco, that is served mixed with some other seasonings and flavoring agents and wrapped up in a leaf from the betel tree. Of course, I managed to get a little bit of the bright red juice that results from chewing this concoction on my shirt, but Saket comforted me with the knowledge that his usually happens to inexperienced chewers.

I spent Christmas Eve and Christmas Day in Sangli, a smaller city that is about an hour’s bus drive from Kolhapur. Saket and I took the standard State Transport bus that local folks use to get there. It was a bit of a rough ride, but again afforded me an opportunity to see parts of rural India that are not very commonly seen by foreign tourists.

Kolhapur and Sangli are both very nice cities, but not the sort of place that Western tourists would tend to visit without having some specific personal reason to go there, as I did. (In an American context, think of Minneapolis.)

In Sangli, we spent time with the Kulkarnis, longtime family friends of the Parekars. One of their daughters, Richa, was also a university classmate of Saket’s when he was getting his first master’s degree at Nehru University in Delhi. When I arrived at the Kulkarnis’ house, I was very touched to see that a large fern in the front yard had been decorated with tinsel and ornaments. I spent Christmas Eve and Christmas Day with Saket and the Kulkarnis in a very traditional American way — eating and drinking!

Mr. Kulkarni is an executive with a large sugar factory, and one of the side benefits of his job is that he often brings home a delicious whiskey his company makes. Since this is made from molasses, it would probably be considered a rum in the US, but it’s uniformly called whiskey here. Either way, it tasted excellent with local ThumsUp cola.) I also finally got to try Kingfisher, a very popular and common Indian lager.

I had one of the most memorable Christmas Eves of my life, drinking whiskey and fooling around on the rooftop terrace of the Kulkarni home, including 30 minutes spent forcing Richa’s sister Rewa to get a picture of me posing on top of the concrete platform that supports their water cistern in the Heisman Trophy pose.

I also had the opportunity while in Sangli to see an exhibition of Indian woven goods. I bought myself a towel and shirt made out of khadi, a course, homespun cloth that Gandhi himself used to produce in protest of British mercantile policies, along with a few other small items for folks back home.

Today I returned to Kolhapur with Saket. It’s been a very action packed and enjoyable few first days in India, and I certainly hope they end up setting the tone for my entire trip.

A quick thought on the border incident over the weekend

The details of exactly what happened are still unclear, but everyone agrees that 24 Pakistani soldiers were killed at their own border outposts by NATO forces.

This has led of course to several demonstrations in Pakistan’s larger cities.  Yes, the US flag was burned at several of these, and the government is making some moves to distance itself from the US, including kicking US forces out of a leased base, Shamsi Airfield in Balochistan.

I’ve gotten a few concerned emails from folks back about this perceived rise in anti-Americanism in Pakistan, and I would just like to ask you to quickly evaluate the opposite situation.  If Pakistani forces had crossed into Afghanistan and killed 24 American soldiers, how angry would many of you feel towards the Pakistani government?  At the same time, would any of your anger spill over onto an average Pakistani person you met in the US?  I think the answers to those two questions should answer all of the questions or concerns any of you might have about my safety.

Shopping as a necessity and as a learning experience

Many of the locals turn their noses up at Islamabad’s shopping, as they have experience with the much larger and better-stocked stores in the larger cities like Lahore and Islamabad.  This gora (white person), however, has found shopping in the capital to be quite a fun experience.

Perhaps the most fun bit of shopping in Islamabad is that, in common with many other Asian locales, there is a thorough and blatant disregard for copyright.  It’s going to be difficult for me to bring anything back through customs, but very well-stocked and well-organized stores carry all manner of treasures – some clearly pirated copies, others indistinguishable from their legitimate counterparts.

Even to someone jaded by the availability of nearly everything being for download on BitTorrent, the stores are amazing.  To someone interested in South Asian culture, they’re a special treat, because there are still many classic Bollywood and Lollywood movies that are difficult to find online.  I picked up copies of such Pakistani classics as Maula Jat and Hitlar, Son of Hitler on VCD for a few hundred rupees.  (Still haven’t figured out what to do about having a DVD case with a scowling Pakistani man with a blade and “HITLER!” in 144 pt. font on it when I go through Israeli customs.  Ditto for the Pakistani army officer’s cap I picked up at a thrift store in Rawalpindi.)

One interesting thing that I’ve noticed throughout my trip is that people react very differently to folks in these shops based on how in touch with Pakistan you seem.  Even though I haven’t necessarily learned much Urdu during my time here, I have definitely become much more comfortable with using the few phrases I know.  Isn’t it strange how half the battle with language learning is actually developing the confidence and accent to employ the phrases you know?  I went through the same experience in 2007 when I traveled in Italy.

I also picked up a very sharp Pakistani cricket jacket that I tend to wear out and about quite a bit now that the weather’s gotten a bit cooler.  (Quite the temperature range during the day.  Tomorrow’s forecast is for a high of 75F and an overnight low of 50F.)  It will be interesting to see the reactions my new jacket gets over the next three months in India, Israel and the US!

This isn’t very scientific, but I think my increased Pakistanification has led to a bit more generosity from sellers when it comes to goods that aren’t labeled with a fixed price.  If you show a little respect for someone’s culture by learning a bit of the language, and even more importantly some basic knowledge of local customs, politics and history, people are definitely much more willing to extend their hospitality, and this includes shopkeepers and cab drivers.

The same goes for when I’m shopping with a local person, from a friend to my good friend Danyal’s father.  When shopkeepers see that I am friends with Pakistani folks, I immediately receive the local price.  I think this is a sad commentary on the fact that the majority of foreigners in Islamabad have their own places to hang out and don’t associate with Pakistanis all that much.  I see plenty of other foreigners around Islamabad, but usually in the company of other foreigners, not local people.  That’s a true shame, because I feel that I’ve learned more about Pakistan from talking to ordinary people I meet in my daily life – the guy I bought a pile of pirate DVDs  included – than I have from most of the so-called Pakistan “experts.”

There is one product I have consistently struggled with though, and that’s canned fish.  I’m a fiend for sardines and tuna, and both are readily available, although only at enormously inflated prices at the kinds of places expatriates and wealthy folks shop.  I can honestly say that in over two months in Pakistan, this is the only local cultural difference I’ve been at all stymied by.

My single most expensive purchase, although well worth it, was a Butterball turkey for Thanksgiving.  A 10 pound bird cost me 4,000 PKR, about $45.  Not only was this my first Thanksgiving outside of Buffalo, NY, it was also the first where I was responsible for the bird, which I brined in a secret blend of spices before roasting.  It was the most tender, delicious turkey I’ve ever had, although due to an unfortunately slow oven I didn’t serve it until 5AM.  Everyone of course still got to enjoy the meat over the course of a few days.

Some thoughts on Islam in Pakistan

Based on a few tentative questions from friends I’ve received through Facebook chats and other conversations, it sounds like many of you might be curious about my experiences as a non-Muslim living in a Muslim-majority nation.

For those of my readers who have some familiarity with Islam or Pakistani culture, this post will likely seem incredibly simplistic and elementary, but I think it’s important for me to share this information for those of you who haven’t had much exposure to Muslims and Pakistanis.

Islam influences wider Pakistani culture in several ways.  I think that one of the most beautiful of these influences is how it shapes language.

The standard hello is “Asalaam-u-aleikum,” “Peace be upon you,” to which the response is “Waleikum-asalaam,” “And upon you, peace.”  Goodbye is either “Allah hafiz” or “Khuda hafiz,” Arabic and Persian-influenced versions respectively of “God protect you.”

Meanwhile, even when speaking to someone in English, two phrases permeate almost every conversation – “Inshallah,” “If God wills it,” and “Mashallah,” “By the grace of God.”

Although not a deeply religious man, I do consider myself somewhat spiritual, and I enjoy the constant invocation of the idea that we are all part of something larger than ourselves.

Some of the superficial aspects of Pakistani society are certainly more conservative than the standard in the US.  In general, people, both men and women, dress modestly.  Long sleeves and long pants are the norm.  The only place I have deviated from this myself is to go to the gym.

The prevalence of women wearing the veil is fairly low here, as is participation in the salah, the five daily prayers that are considered a pillar of the Islamic faith.  It does appear to me that attendance at the jum’ah, the Friday prayers that are done together as a congregation, is considerably higher.  Islamabad’s shops are largely closed on Friday afternoons for a few hours, although many reopen for a few hours in the evening.

Pakistani is one of relatively few Muslim-majority countries that continues to follow a Western-style Monday through Friday workweek, with Saturday and Sunday being the weekend.  Muslim-majority countries follow a hodgepodge of different weekend arrangements, although the majority include Friday as a weekend day.

In practice, and especially for students, there is a two-and-a-half day weekend every week.  (Although this probably doesn’t come as a surprise to many office workers from the US – just how much work do you get done on a Friday afternoon between 2 and 5?)

The important thing for my readers to understand is that, like anywhere, the people of Pakistan are a complex group with a variety of different levels of religiosity and personal understandings of Islam.  Some people are deeply religious, wear a full beard, and use Islam as a guide to almost every aspect of their daily lives.  Others have no interest in their religion at all, or even openly oppose or reject it.

The majority fall somewhere on the broad spectrum in between, as is true in any religious tradition and country.  Trying to paint all Muslims or all Pakistanis with a broad brush is a mistake many informed people, including writers from respected media outlets, make far too often.

The natural beauty around Islamabad

The planners who sited Pakistan’s new capital in the 1960s chose a gorgeous area.  Islamabad is nestled against the Margalla Hills, the foothills of the Himalayas.  I’ve previously driven up to a beautiful restaurant up in the hills, but today I did some serious hiking, or as the locals would say, trekking, for the first time.

Monday was declared a national day of mourning for former Pakistani First Lady Nusrat Bhutto, so one of my friends who had all of his university classes cancelled suggested a trek up to the hills.

It was nice to get out of the city and see people enjoying nature.  There were entire families walking together, some young folks doing some rock climbing on a small rockface, and a number of international tourists to say hello to.  I even had the chance to talk with a Pakistani-German woman who is visiting here to see her father’s family.

Hiking up in the hills was another reminder of the incredible potential for tourism Pakistan holds if the security situation improves.  I even got a glimpse of a monkey climbing around in the foliage above me.  I’ve posted some pictures on Facebook — please take a look as I think it will help you understand how much this country has to offer and how much more there is to it than tales of war and extremism.

Facebook album of Margalla Hills pictures

Brief vignettes and interesting things

I’ve had many interesting experiences around Islamabad that weren’t worthy of a post all their own, but that I thought together helped paint a more complete picture of my trip and experiences here.

Singing the Visa Extension Blues

My big goal for this week was to get my visa extended.  I learned a great deal about the inner workings of Pakistani bureaucracy, which so far is the only element of this trip I haven’t enjoyed.  I believed the New York consulate when they told me it would be a straightforward process.  Instead, it involved trips to three different offices of the Ministry of the Interior, and one shockingly rude staff member who refused to accept my form submission because it was minutes outside of application submission hours — i.e., after 12 noon.  Even more fun is the knowledge that, since the new policy is to only grant a 1 mo. extension each time, I will be going through the whole process again in 3 weeks.

Z. A. Bhutto’s execution site

The other day, driving home from seeing The Mechanic with Jason Statham, (a perfectly good Saturday popcorn movie, by the way) the friend I was with pointed out the jail where Z. A. Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973-1977, was executed on the orders of his successor, military dictator Gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.  It was a sudden reminder of Pakistan’s tumultuous history on a day when I was otherwise just goofing around and not really thinking much about where I was or what it meant to be there.

Islamabad Taxis

One pleasant side effect of the visa adventures this week is that I’ve gotten much better at negotiating with cab drivers.  No meters here — only the fierce wills of two men fighting for supremacy.  (Yes, I do hear “The Burning Heart” from Rocky IV in my head every time I hail a cab.)  The standard cab here is a small Suzuki, usually an ancient Khyber, although I did ride in an immaculate new cab the other day with dashboard mounted GPS and a stereo playing music off of a USB thumbdrive.  Traffic is not bad at all compared to what stories had led me to believe, although I’m sure Karachi and Lahore will prove to be a little more wild and wooly!

University visits

This is repeated information from a previous email installment, so you might want to skip this over if you’re also on my mailing list.

In the past week I had the opportunity to visit two university
campuses, Quaid-e-Azam (Great Leader, i.e. Jinnah) and Bahria (Naval) Universities…  I even got to sit in on a few classes at
Bahria.  One of the courses was an introduction to
Political Science, which I hope to make arrangements to return
to again.  The dialogue was fantastic, although I was shocked with the
level of discontent among the students with their elected government.
As a reminder, Pakistan just left military rule a bit over 3 years
ago.  However, when asked who wanted a return to dictatorship, perhaps two-thirds or three-quarters of the classroom raised their hands.  The young, educated elite here are extremely frustrated with their government.  I’m not sure what this implies for the future success of the electoral system here.

I’ve found a bit of a second unpaid job here as well — every
undergraduate I meet here, upon finding out that I’m a Master’s
student from the US, wants to pick my brain about the GRE, the
application process, which grad schools are the best, how to improve
his English vocabulary and writing, etc.  Perhaps I should get a few
of my grad student colleagues together and start a consulting firm?

Italian cooking

This is a bit of a personal note, but I’ve had the chance to cook two Italian meals for my host family here.  The first, as pictured a few posts back, was a huge pot of pasta fagioli, which came out exactly like my grandmother used to make it — thanks to my Mom’s flawless transcription of her old recipe and clear instructions!  The second time, I tried to make a nice batch of rotini with red sauce and meatballs.  Unfortunately, I couldn’t get the oven to work, so I tried just pan-frying the meatballs a bit before adding them to the sauce.  Big mistake — they completely disintegrated.  Oh well, it turned out very tasty, although not as I intended.

Neither meal’s leftovers lasted more than 24 hours in the fridge.